How to calculate percentage of steel in concrete

How to calculate the percentage of steel in concrete?????

Before we go for calculation we should know, what is the role of the percentage of steel in civil?

Basically Percentage of steel in concrete means, the ratio of (area of steel/ area of concrete)

We calculate the ratio to know, how much percent of steel we can place in concrete.

Question- we are having a column of (400*300)mm & it has 6 nos of 16 mm bar. So calculate the percentage of steel in concrete?

Let us know how we calculate the ratio,                                                                                    
ʃ = (area of steel/ area of concrete)

 ʃ = (Ast/Asc)

 Ast = nos. of bar × (π/4) × square of dia                                
Ast = 6 × (3.14/4) × 16 × 16 =1205.76 sqmm

Asc = Length × Width

Asc = 400×300 = 120000sqmm (All bars are 16
mm)

According to our formula,
 ʃ = (Ast/Asc)
 ʃ = (1205.76/120000)
 ʃ = 0.010048
To get result in percent we have to multiplies our answer in 100
 ʃ = 0.010048 × 100 = 1.0048% or say 1%




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